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Primorsk ((ロシア語:Примо́рск); (フィンランド語:Koivisto); (スウェーデン語:Björkö)〔(Björkö names and Bjarkey law ). See also article on Bjarkey laws for the name's probable connection to old Scandinavian trade legislation.〕) is a coastal town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia and the largest Russian port on the Baltic. It is located on the Karelian Isthmus, west of St. Petersburg, at the northern coast of the Gulf of Finland, near Beryozovye Islands, which are protected as a sea bird sanctuary. Population: ==History== It was first mentioned in Russian chronicles as Beryozovskoye (, lit. ''birch village'') in 1268, when the Hanseatic merchants from Gotland petitioned the Novgorod Republic to secure their passage to the Neva River. The original Finnish name Koivisto means "a group of birch trees", "a birch forest". Swedish name Björkö means "birch island". Swedes annexed the region during the Third Swedish Crusade. The Russians retook the islands at the close of the Great Northern War in 1721. This was confirmed by the Treaty of Nystad in 1721. In 1710, during the Great Northern War, the troops of Tsar Peter the Great included the whole area of the modern Vyborgsky District to Russia. In the course of Peter's second administrative reform, the area became a part of Vyborg Province of St. Petersburg Governorate. The 1721 Treaty of Nystad, which concluded the war with Sweden, finalized the transfer of this part of Old Finland to Russia. In 1744, Vyborg Governorate, with the seat in Vyborg, was established. After several changes, Vyborg Governorate was renamed Finland Governorate in 1802.〔 In 1811, it was renamed back and included in the Grand Duchy of Finland, which was previously ceded to Russia by Sweden.〔 In Finland, it became known as the Viipuri Province. On July 24, 1905 Wilhelm II of the German Empire and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia signed the Treaty of Björkö (Treaty of Koivisto) as a secret mutual defense accord.〔Fay, pp. 68-69. The treaty was published in ''Izvestia'' on December 29 1917. On December 31, 1917, the treaty was copied in the ''Paris Excelsior''. Afterwards, the treaty was copied (with slight paraphrasing) in narratives by Bompard, French ambassador at Petrograd 1902-08, and the Russian diplomat Anatoly Neklyudov.〕〔(Historical pictures from ) (the German Bundesarchiv ).〕 In 1918, the Viipuri Province became a part of independent Finland. Koivisto, together with the rest of the Karelian Isthmus, was ceded by Finland to the Soviet Union by the Moscow Peace Treaty as a result of the Winter War. It was recaptured by Finns between 1941 and 1944 during Continuation War but was again ceded to the Soviet Union after Moscow Armistice. This secession was formalized after signing Paris Peace Treaty in 1947. The population was resettled to Finland and population from Central Russia was resettled to populate the Karelian Isthmus. On May 16, 1940, Koivisto became the administrative center of the newly established Koyvistovsky District in Leningrad Oblast. At the same time, Koivisto was granted town status. On October 1, 1948, the town was renamed Primorsk and the district was renamed Primorsky.〔 On April 3, 1954, Primorsky District was abolished and merged into Roshchinsky District, with the administrative center in Roshchino.〔 On January 4, 1957, Primorsk was transferred to Vyborgsky District. Primorsk evolved in the 20th century as an outport for the town of Vyborg. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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